Der Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union und das Bundesverfassungsgericht als Hüter der unionalen Kompetenzordnung.

»European Court of Justice and Federal Constitutional Court as Guardians of the Principle of Conferral«: As far as the European Court of Justice is concerned checks and balances with regard to EU-organs and member states can less be guaranteed by the theoretical option of treaty amendments (Art. 48 TEU) or the equally theoretical possibility of overruling the court¿s jurisprudence by secondary legislation. The only practically relevant instrument insofar is a sincere cooperation between the Court of Justice and the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Member states which entails the possibility of preliminary requests under art. 267 TFEU as well as identity and ultra-vires-control.